Performance

Below are performance measurements of each augmenter for image augmentation (augment_images()), heatmap augmentation (augment_heatmaps()) and keypoint/landmark augmentation (augment_keypoints()). (Last updated for 0.3.0)

System: The numbers were computed based on a haswell-generation i7 3.2Ghz CPU with DDR3 memory. That is a rather dated system by today’s standards. A modern, high-end system should achieve higher bandwidths.

All experiments were conducted using python 3.7 and numpy 1.17.0. Note that the precise python/numpy version can have significant impact on your performance.

Experiments Settings: All augmenters were run with reasonable parameter choices that should reflect expected real-world usage, while avoiding too simple parameter values that would lead to inflated scores. Some parameter choices are listed below, the remaining ones can be looked up in measure_performance.py. Kernel sizes were all set to 3x3, unless otherwise mentioned. The inputs focused on a small and large image-size setting, using 64x64x3 and 224x224x3 as the respective sizes. The base image was taken from skimage.data.astronaut, which should be a representative real-world image. Batch sizes of 1 and 128 were tested. Each augmenter was run at least 40 times on the generated input and the average of the measured runtimes was computed to derive bandwidth in mbit per second and th raw number of augmented items (e.g. images) per second.

Results Overview

From the results, the following points can be derived.

Inputs:

  • Use large batch sizes whenever possible. Many augmenters are significantly faster with these.

  • Large image sizes lead to higher throughput based on mbit/sec. Smaller images lead to lower throughput, but significantly more items/sec (roughly 4-10x more). Use small images whenever possible.

  • For keypoint-based and heatmap-based augmentation, try to increase the number of items per augmented instance. E.g. augment_keypoints() accepts a list of KeypointsOnImage instances, with each such instance representing the keypoints on an image. Try to place for each image all keypoints in the respective KeypointsOnImage instance instead of splitting them into multiple such instances (which would be more work anyways). The same is true for bounding boxes, heatmaps and segmentation maps.

  • Keypoint- and heatmap-based inputs are only affected by augmenters that change the geometry of the image (e.g. Crop or Affine). Other augmenters are essentially free to execute as they do not perform any changes.

  • Keypoint-based augmentation is very fast for almost all augmenters, reaching several 100k keypoints per second. Slower augmenters are ElasticTransformation and PiecewiseAffine, as these currently have to fall back to image-based algorithms.

Parameter choices:

  • When possible, nearest neighbour interpolation or linear interpolation should be used as these are significantly faster than other options. Most augmenters that use interpolation offer either an order parameter (0=nearest neighbour, 1=linear) or an interpolation parameter (“nearest”, “linear”).

  • Using keep_size=True is the default setting in all augmenters that change image sizes. It is convenient, as it ensures that image sizes are not altered by the augmentation. It does however incur a significant performance penalty, often more than halving the bandwidth. Try keep_size=False when possible. You can still resize images manually after augmentation or by using KeepSizeByResize(Sequential(<augmenters>)).

  • When augmenters offer modes to fill newly created pixels in user-defined ways (e.g. pad_mode=constant in Pad to fill up all padded pixels with a specified constant color), using edge instead of constant will usually not incur a significant performance penalty.

Specific Augmenter suggestions:

  • For augmenters where an elementwise sibling exists (e.g. Multiply and MultiplyElementwise), the elementwise augmenter is usually significantly slower than the non-elementwise one.

  • If blurring is required, AverageBlur is the fastest choice, followed by GaussianBlur.

  • Augmenters that operate on coarser images (e.g. CoarseDropout vs Dropout) can be significantly faster than their non-coarse siblings.

  • Contrast normalizing augmenters are all comparable in performance, except for histogram-based ones, which are significantly slower.

  • PiecewiseAffine is a very slow augmenter and should usually be replaced by ElasticTransformation, which achieves similar outputs and is quite a bit faster.

  • Superpixels is a fairly slow augmenter and should usually be wrapped in e.g. Sometimes to not apply it very often and reduce its performance impact.

  • Weather augmenters other than FastSnowyLandscape are rather slow and should only be used when sensible.

Images

Numbers below are for small images (64x64x3) and large images (224x224x3). B=1 denotes a batch size of 1, B=128 one of 128.

In mbit/sec:

64x64x3, uint8

224x224x3, uint8

Augmenter

B=1

B=128

B=1

B=128

Sequential (2xIdentity)

1114.3

24601.3

9815.7

41557.9

Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order)

903.3

25450.9

8697.9

44898.0

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity)

226.2

3800.6

2114.2

5298.8

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order)

220.9

3717.7

2037.7

6109.3

OneOf (3xIdentity)

533.9

7941.3

4486.2

9188.2

Sometimes (Identity)

367.3

12894.4

3763.7

16674.9

WithChannels ([1,2], Identity)

541.2

4932.7

3668.9

5067.2

Identity

1364.5

26741.2

11791.9

41261.7

Noop

1341.4

27020.1

11611.5

43892.6

Lambda (return input)

1262.1

24919.0

10837.8

45355.8

AssertLambda (return True)

1244.8

26346.3

10864.2

41681.0

AssertShape (None, H, W, None)

1068.8

14590.1

9860.2

39299.2

ChannelShuffle (0.5)

418.4

3159.3

3285.1

6240.3

Add

137.7

595.5

1972.4

3917.6

AddElementwise

201.3

307.5

909.8

1038.9

AdditiveGaussianNoise

167.5

218.5

695.9

764.6

AdditiveLaplaceNoise

147.2

185.2

419.3

446.9

AdditivePoissonNoise

122.5

151.0

294.5

305.2

Multiply

240.3

770.4

2156.3

4443.5

MultiplyElementwise

188.0

276.9

876.7

972.0

Cutout (1 iter, constant fill)

151.0

1288.6

1723.9

11726.9

Dropout (1-5%)

225.9

353.6

995.3

1155.3

CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%)

133.4

172.6

1039.0

1219.8

Dropout2d (10%)

324.1

5696.8

3569.2

23901.3

TotalDropout (10%)

450.4

19944.9

4948.5

39754.0

ReplaceElementwise

129.9

161.9

676.8

760.5

ImpulseNoise

112.4

135.2

469.9

499.1

SaltAndPepper

118.9

141.1

643.7

711.4

CoarseSaltAndPepper

86.9

98.6

666.4

725.9

Salt

99.8

114.2

590.8

639.7

CoarseSalt

78.6

86.5

606.6

659.1

Pepper

97.9

105.7

589.5

640.8

CoarsePepper

78.7

86.1

605.5

660.8

Invert (10%)

266.5

5468.8

2992.8

22669.1

JpegCompression (50-99%)

81.9

103.7

420.6

458.5

Cartoon

6.0

5.8

7.1

6.6

BlendAlpha (Identity)

128.7

402.0

810.2

993.7

BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity)

130.7

207.0

450.3

453.7

BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity)

24.7

28.3

175.4

186.9

BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity)

33.2

36.5

210.8

221.4

BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity)

64.2

161.0

330.7

450.6

BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity)

87.5

238.1

416.3

533.4

BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity)

87.9

231.9

407.5

508.0

BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity)

85.0

230.2

398.7

503.6

BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity)

86.0

200.2

399.0

487.2

GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5))

191.7

532.7

1528.9

2530.2

AverageBlur

245.4

1474.4

2021.4

4530.9

MedianBlur

129.8

257.4

267.7

304.9

BilateralBlur

101.3

269.3

281.9

346.3

MotionBlur

56.2

64.1

541.7

579.6

MeanShiftBlur

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.1

RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12))

24.0

128.1

222.4

488.9

WithColorspace (HSV, Identity)

291.6

974.1

1691.5

2141.7

WithBrightnessChannels (Identity)

43.5

736.9

1097.9

1605.2

MultiplyAndAddToBrightness

71.4

251.4

665.1

1043.4

MultiplyBrightness

113.4

396.8

850.6

1237.8

AddToBrightness

109.3

347.8

841.2

1200.0

WithHueAndSaturation

168.1

334.5

687.6

719.3

MultiplyHueAndSaturation

82.5

152.1

440.5

481.0

MultiplyHue

74.3

150.1

438.3

489.6

MultiplySaturation

57.6

150.4

442.1

498.4

RemoveSaturation

70.9

150.6

433.1

509.1

AddToHueAndSaturation

131.1

443.1

828.5

1151.9

AddToHue

150.2

455.8

858.3

1153.3

AddToSaturation

139.9

460.5

865.3

1151.9

ChangeColorspace (HSV)

257.9

923.8

2258.6

3962.7

Grayscale

143.1

308.5

632.4

759.7

KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

30.3

37.5

183.5

197.3

UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

127.9

354.5

1512.0

2601.1

UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits)

142.7

357.3

1508.6

2575.1

Posterize (1-7 bits)

136.4

356.7

1506.4

2579.3

GammaContrast

169.9

304.3

1832.4

2471.9

SigmoidContrast

153.9

234.2

1551.7

2046.2

LogContrast

183.9

303.1

1819.4

2455.2

LinearContrast

214.2

391.9

2048.0

2965.7

AllChannelsHistogramEqualization

519.5

1559.9

1858.7

2271.9

HistogramEqualization

268.5

892.9

1470.4

1801.0

AllChannelsCLAHE

112.9

326.2

878.5

1475.8

CLAHE

112.7

442.1

824.7

1446.8

Convolve (3x3)

430.6

1442.0

2833.3

4043.5

Sharpen

176.7

261.5

1282.2

1542.9

Emboss

176.9

262.5

1334.3

1604.0

EdgeDetect

234.2

392.3

1696.6

2056.0

DirectedEdgeDetect

90.3

107.5

827.8

886.4

Canny

54.6

103.9

280.3

349.6

Fliplr (p=100%)

446.1

2507.3

3359.3

6261.2

Flipud (p=100%)

564.7

9721.4

5475.0

13807.5

Affine (order=0, constant)

75.8

255.3

856.4

1934.4

Affine (order=1, constant)

75.5

236.2

773.5

1539.2

Affine (order=3, constant)

69.3

194.6

473.5

680.5

Affine (order=1, edge)

68.1

229.4

744.3

1493.8

Affine (order=1, constant, skimage)

39.2

73.6

180.0

203.1

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant)

3.9

4.3

25.6

25.4

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant)

4.3

4.5

30.6

30.4

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge)

4.1

4.4

25.4

25.3

PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant)

0.9

0.9

8.4

8.2

PerspectiveTransform

96.5

473.9

885.5

1789.6

PerspectiveTransform (keep_size)

92.5

313.1

688.3

1144.2

ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant)

82.5

158.3

543.1

668.8

ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant)

80.6

149.2

499.7

606.4

ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest)

80.5

150.1

494.4

606.1

ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect)

81.5

149.1

500.4

604.1

Rot90

273.5

3981.3

3416.2

23912.1

Rot90 (keep_size)

265.8

2193.9

1983.7

3528.7

WithPolarWarping (Identity)

259.1

639.9

948.2

1076.6

Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step)

62.5

107.0

728.7

1119.5

AveragePooling

97.1

175.8

434.7

506.6

AveragePooling (keep_size)

91.1

148.5

392.8

461.7

MaxPooling

100.7

187.6

460.6

545.0

MaxPooling (keep_size)

92.7

158.6

431.4

493.4

MinPooling

102.7

187.6

467.5

549.5

MinPooling (keep_size)

95.1

157.5

426.1

501.6

MedianPooling

94.3

171.6

557.5

690.0

MedianPooling (keep_size)

90.1

146.4

513.8

612.0

imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5))

70.9

130.5

180.7

191.7

imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5))

52.0

68.0

83.9

85.6

imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5))

62.6

89.1

143.0

150.0

imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5))

81.5

130.8

175.4

187.9

imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5))

72.0

114.9

195.8

215.4

imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5))

2.0

2.3

2.1

2.2

imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5))

56.8

82.6

134.5

136.4

imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5))

19.2

22.6

62.5

62.6

imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5))

8.0

9.1

11.6

11.3

imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5))

33.1

50.9

171.0

178.4

imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5))

10.0

11.2

113.2

116.8

imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5))

26.1

29.3

68.9

67.8

imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5))

54.2

69.0

135.7

141.3

imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5))

113.7

206.4

364.7

420.1

imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5))

38.1

46.2

48.1

54.2

imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5))

34.7

46.0

48.4

54.0

imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5))

82.7

165.2

473.9

549.1

imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5))

141.5

321.1

1013.5

1443.7

imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5))

36.1

44.1

56.2

58.6

pillike.Solarize (p=1.0)

183.2

843.5

1801.5

4531.2

pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits)

120.7

360.9

1449.0

2578.7

pillike.Equalize

163.9

288.2

1349.4

1651.2

pillike.Autocontrast

69.5

98.6

748.8

860.6

pillike.EnhanceColor

190.3

587.5

937.4

1223.3

pillike.EnhanceContrast

164.2

370.0

842.4

1048.7

pillike.EnhanceBrightness

212.9

630.2

1017.1

1318.0

pillike.EnhanceSharpness

178.8

422.3

590.4

685.5

pillike.FilterBlur

233.6

375.4

459.2

484.6

pillike.FilterSmooth

327.7

588.8

911.2

1006.7

pillike.FilterSmoothMore

250.2

374.5

465.4

483.8

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance

288.4

530.9

817.9

890.3

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore

293.1

523.0

791.9

854.0

pillike.FilterFindEdges

297.9

530.3

756.3

817.9

pillike.FilterContour

285.2

523.1

746.7

803.2

pillike.FilterEmboss

282.2

586.0

910.7

1000.1

pillike.FilterSharpen

256.6

579.5

868.7

945.4

pillike.FilterDetail

304.5

586.4

880.1

970.5

pillike.Affine

66.3

302.8

709.5

1787.3

Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic)

9.4

10.4

118.4

121.8

Superpixels (max_size=64, linear)

9.9

10.4

118.7

122.6

Superpixels (max_size=128, linear)

8.0

10.6

49.5

49.2

Superpixels (max_size=224, linear)

7.6

10.6

19.5

19.1

UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear)

2.7

3.6

12.1

12.0

RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols)

3.5

3.6

12.0

12.1

RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols)

3.7

3.7

4.0

4.0

Resize (nearest)

186.3

735.5

1988.3

4347.1

Resize (linear)

176.0

629.9

1537.8

2701.5

Resize (cubic)

177.0

559.4

1187.7

1804.3

CropAndPad

118.9

700.3

1422.4

5080.6

CropAndPad (edge)

118.9

705.6

1449.5

5085.0

CropAndPad (keep_size)

104.7

376.3

1018.1

1863.5

Crop

153.0

1293.5

1974.8

8596.2

Crop (keep_size)

130.8

501.6

1275.2

2401.9

Pad

122.2

678.8

1384.0

4678.5

Pad (edge)

118.7

683.5

1390.6

4572.7

Pad (keep_size)

101.6

371.7

954.2

1708.9

PadToFixedSize

130.8

916.5

1653.7

5908.8

CropToFixedSize

228.9

3102.1

2756.7

11098.3

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest))

139.8

880.7

1471.7

3604.7

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear))

134.2

761.3

1230.6

2456.9

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic))

133.0

660.3

1002.8

1682.4

FastSnowyLandscape

116.8

243.5

483.0

542.8

Clouds

16.9

20.3

61.7

61.1

Fog

31.3

33.9

98.3

99.5

CloudLayer

30.7

33.0

99.1

98.9

Snowflakes

14.2

15.1

91.3

85.5

SnowflakesLayer

28.5

30.3

173.5

173.2

Rain

11.1

11.6

58.5

54.2

RainLayer

22.0

23.5

110.4

112.1

In images/sec:

64x64x3, uint8

224x224x3, uint8

Augmenter

B=1

B=128

B=1

B=128

Sequential (2xIdentity)

11885.5

262413.9

8547.0

36186.5

Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order)

9635.6

271476.0

7573.7

39094.8

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity)

2412.6

40539.6

1840.9

4613.9

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order)

2356.3

39655.4

1774.3

5319.7

OneOf (3xIdentity)

5695.0

84707.6

3906.3

8000.6

Sometimes (Identity)

3917.9

137540.7

3277.2

14519.7

WithChannels ([1,2], Identity)

5772.9

52615.6

3194.7

4412.2

Identity

14554.8

285239.9

10267.7

35928.5

Noop

14308.5

288214.7

10110.7

38219.4

Lambda (return input)

13462.3

265802.2

9437.0

39493.5

AssertLambda (return True)

13277.6

281027.4

9460.0

36293.6

AssertShape (None, H, W, None)

11400.9

155628.0

8585.7

34219.7

ChannelShuffle (0.5)

4462.7

33699.4

2860.5

5433.8

Add

1468.7

6351.5

1717.5

3411.2

AddElementwise

2147.0

3279.9

792.2

904.6

AdditiveGaussianNoise

1787.2

2330.6

605.9

665.8

AdditiveLaplaceNoise

1570.5

1975.4

365.1

389.2

AdditivePoissonNoise

1306.5

1610.3

256.5

265.7

Multiply

2563.5

8217.8

1877.6

3869.2

MultiplyElementwise

2005.8

2953.5

763.4

846.4

Cutout (1 iter, constant fill)

1611.1

13745.5

1501.1

10211.1

Dropout (1-5%)

2409.4

3771.3

866.7

1006.0

CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%)

1423.1

1840.8

904.7

1062.1

Dropout2d (10%)

3457.4

60765.5

3107.9

20812.0

TotalDropout (10%)

4804.7

212745.7

4308.9

34615.7

ReplaceElementwise

1385.7

1727.3

589.3

662.2

ImpulseNoise

1199.5

1442.0

409.2

434.6

SaltAndPepper

1267.9

1504.9

560.5

619.4

CoarseSaltAndPepper

926.8

1051.4

580.3

632.1

Salt

1064.4

1218.0

514.5

557.0

CoarseSalt

838.3

923.2

528.2

573.9

Pepper

1043.9

1127.7

513.3

558.0

CoarsePepper

839.9

918.5

527.3

575.4

Invert (10%)

2842.5

58334.2

2606.0

19739.1

JpegCompression (50-99%)

873.3

1106.0

366.2

399.3

Cartoon

64.0

61.6

6.2

5.8

BlendAlpha (Identity)

1373.3

4288.0

705.5

865.3

BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity)

1393.6

2207.6

392.1

395.1

BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity)

263.7

302.2

152.8

162.7

BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity)

354.2

389.8

183.6

192.8

BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity)

684.8

1717.7

288.0

392.4

BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity)

933.1

2539.4

362.5

464.4

BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity)

937.3

2473.5

354.8

442.3

BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity)

906.5

2455.6

347.2

438.5

BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity)

917.6

2135.5

347.4

424.2

GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5))

2045.3

5681.7

1331.3

2203.2

AverageBlur

2617.3

15727.3

1760.1

3945.2

MedianBlur

1384.8

2745.8

233.1

265.5

BilateralBlur

1080.3

2872.0

245.5

301.5

MotionBlur

599.6

683.8

471.6

504.7

MeanShiftBlur

15.3

14.5

1.1

1.0

RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12))

255.7

1366.3

193.7

425.7

WithColorspace (HSV, Identity)

3110.5

10389.9

1472.9

1864.8

WithBrightnessChannels (Identity)

464.3

7860.5

956.0

1397.7

MultiplyAndAddToBrightness

761.1

2682.0

579.1

908.5

MultiplyBrightness

1209.1

4232.3

740.7

1077.8

AddToBrightness

1165.7

3710.0

732.5

1044.9

WithHueAndSaturation

1793.2

3568.3

598.7

626.3

MultiplyHueAndSaturation

880.0

1622.2

383.5

418.8

MultiplyHue

792.7

1601.0

381.6

426.3

MultiplySaturation

614.6

1604.2

384.9

434.0

RemoveSaturation

756.1

1606.7

377.1

443.3

AddToHueAndSaturation

1398.0

4726.3

721.5

1003.0

AddToHue

1602.0

4862.4

747.3

1004.3

AddToSaturation

1491.8

4912.4

753.4

1003.0

ChangeColorspace (HSV)

2750.6

9853.8

1966.7

3450.5

Grayscale

1526.8

3290.8

550.6

661.5

KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

323.3

400.4

159.7

171.8

UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

1364.2

3781.6

1316.6

2264.9

UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits)

1521.9

3811.1

1313.6

2242.3

Posterize (1-7 bits)

1455.0

3805.0

1311.7

2245.9

GammaContrast

1812.4

3245.3

1595.6

2152.4

SigmoidContrast

1641.5

2498.6

1351.1

1781.8

LogContrast

1962.1

3233.2

1584.2

2137.8

LinearContrast

2285.2

4180.7

1783.3

2582.4

AllChannelsHistogramEqualization

5540.9

16639.1

1618.4

1978.2

HistogramEqualization

2863.9

9524.3

1280.3

1568.2

AllChannelsCLAHE

1204.0

3480.0

765.0

1285.1

CLAHE

1202.2

4716.2

718.1

1259.8

Convolve (3x3)

4593.4

15381.1

2467.1

3520.9

Sharpen

1885.1

2789.7

1116.5

1343.5

Emboss

1887.4

2799.9

1161.9

1396.6

EdgeDetect

2497.6

4184.9

1477.3

1790.2

DirectedEdgeDetect

963.3

1146.6

720.8

771.8

Canny

582.2

1108.6

244.0

304.4

Fliplr (p=100%)

4758.0

26744.7

2925.1

5452.0

Flipud (p=100%)

6023.3

103695.3

4767.3

12022.8

Affine (order=0, constant)

808.8

2723.2

745.7

1684.4

Affine (order=1, constant)

805.8

2519.9

673.5

1340.2

Affine (order=3, constant)

739.2

2075.6

412.3

592.5

Affine (order=1, edge)

726.5

2447.5

648.1

1300.7

Affine (order=1, constant, skimage)

417.8

785.3

156.7

176.8

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant)

41.9

46.4

22.3

22.1

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant)

45.4

47.9

26.7

26.5

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge)

43.6

46.4

22.1

22.1

PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant)

9.6

10.0

7.3

7.2

PerspectiveTransform

1029.6

5054.7

771.1

1558.3

PerspectiveTransform (keep_size)

986.5

3340.2

599.4

996.3

ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant)

880.3

1688.1

472.9

582.4

ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant)

859.3

1591.7

435.1

528.0

ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest)

858.2

1601.2

430.5

527.7

ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect)

868.9

1590.0

435.7

526.0

Rot90

2917.1

42467.5

2974.6

20821.4

Rot90 (keep_size)

2835.5

23402.1

1727.3

3072.6

WithPolarWarping (Identity)

2764.2

6825.5

825.7

937.4

Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step)

666.4

1141.2

634.5

974.8

AveragePooling

1035.7

1875.7

378.5

441.2

AveragePooling (keep_size)

971.3

1584.3

342.0

402.0

MaxPooling

1074.4

2000.8

401.1

474.5

MaxPooling (keep_size)

988.8

1691.9

375.7

429.7

MinPooling

1095.3

2000.8

407.1

478.5

MinPooling (keep_size)

1014.9

1679.8

371.0

436.7

MedianPooling

1006.0

1830.6

485.5

600.8

MedianPooling (keep_size)

961.1

1561.4

447.4

532.9

imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5))

756.7

1391.8

157.4

166.9

imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5))

554.9

725.7

73.0

74.5

imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5))

667.6

950.0

124.5

130.6

imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5))

869.7

1395.3

152.7

163.6

imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5))

768.0

1225.9

170.5

187.6

imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5))

21.7

25.0

1.8

1.9

imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5))

606.1

881.0

117.1

118.8

imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5))

204.5

241.3

54.5

54.6

imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5))

85.7

97.2

10.1

9.9

imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5))

352.7

543.3

148.9

155.3

imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5))

107.0

120.0

98.6

101.7

imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5))

278.7

312.6

60.0

59.1

imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5))

578.1

735.7

118.1

123.0

imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5))

1212.6

2201.8

317.5

365.8

imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5))

406.3

493.3

41.9

47.2

imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5))

369.8

490.8

42.1

47.1

imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5))

882.6

1761.9

412.6

478.1

imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5))

1509.0

3425.1

882.5

1257.1

imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5))

384.6

470.0

48.9

51.0

pillike.Solarize (p=1.0)

1954.2

8997.3

1568.6

3945.5

pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits)

1288.0

3849.2

1261.7

2245.4

pillike.Equalize

1748.5

3074.6

1175.0

1437.8

pillike.Autocontrast

741.4

1052.1

652.0

749.3

pillike.EnhanceColor

2029.5

6266.6

816.2

1065.2

pillike.EnhanceContrast

1751.2

3946.7

733.6

913.2

pillike.EnhanceBrightness

2271.3

6722.4

885.6

1147.7

pillike.EnhanceSharpness

1907.0

4504.8

514.1

596.9

pillike.FilterBlur

2491.3

4004.4

399.8

422.0

pillike.FilterSmooth

3495.0

6280.4

793.5

876.6

pillike.FilterSmoothMore

2669.2

3995.1

405.2

421.2

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance

3076.8

5662.9

712.2

775.2

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore

3126.6

5579.1

689.6

743.6

pillike.FilterFindEdges

3177.4

5656.8

658.6

712.2

pillike.FilterContour

3042.2

5580.0

650.2

699.4

pillike.FilterEmboss

3010.1

6251.0

793.0

870.8

pillike.FilterSharpen

2737.3

6181.6

756.4

823.2

pillike.FilterDetail

3248.1

6255.5

766.3

845.1

pillike.Affine

707.5

3229.4

617.8

1556.3

Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic)

100.2

111.0

103.1

106.1

Superpixels (max_size=64, linear)

106.0

111.4

103.4

106.7

Superpixels (max_size=128, linear)

84.9

112.9

43.1

42.8

Superpixels (max_size=224, linear)

81.6

113.1

17.0

16.7

UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear)

28.4

38.8

10.5

10.4

RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols)

37.7

38.7

10.4

10.5

RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols)

39.2

39.0

3.4

3.5

Resize (nearest)

1987.7

7844.9

1731.3

3785.2

Resize (linear)

1877.8

6718.6

1339.0

2352.3

Resize (cubic)

1887.5

5966.6

1034.2

1571.1

CropAndPad

1268.3

7470.3

1238.6

4423.9

CropAndPad (edge)

1268.3

7526.5

1262.1

4427.7

CropAndPad (keep_size)

1117.2

4013.7

886.5

1622.6

Crop

1632.5

13797.2

1719.6

7485.2

Crop (keep_size)

1395.5

5350.3

1110.3

2091.5

Pad

1303.7

7240.5

1205.1

4073.8

Pad (edge)

1266.5

7290.4

1210.8

3981.6

Pad (keep_size)

1084.1

3964.9

830.9

1488.0

PadToFixedSize

1394.9

9776.5

1439.9

5145.1

CropToFixedSize

2441.5

33089.5

2400.4

9663.8

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest))

1491.3

9393.7

1281.5

3138.8

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear))

1431.7

8121.0

1071.5

2139.3

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic))

1418.5

7043.0

873.2

1464.9

FastSnowyLandscape

1246.1

2597.6

420.6

472.6

Clouds

180.6

216.2

53.7

53.2

Fog

334.1

361.5

85.6

86.7

CloudLayer

327.1

352.4

86.3

86.2

Snowflakes

151.5

161.2

79.5

74.5

SnowflakesLayer

304.2

323.6

151.1

150.8

Rain

118.4

123.9

50.9

47.2

RainLayer

234.6

251.1

96.1

97.6

Heatmaps

Numbers below are for heatmaps on large images, i.e. 224x224x3. Smaller images were skipped for brevity. The heatmaps themselves can be small (64x64xN) or large (224x224xN), with N denoting the number of heatmaps per HeatmapsOnImage instance (i.e. the number of channels in the heatmaps array), for which below 1 and 5 are used. B=1 denotes a batch size of 1 , B=128 one of 128.

mbit/sec for 64x64x5 or 224x224x5 heatmaps on 224x224x3 images:

64x64x5 on 224x224x3

224x224x5 on 224x224x3

Augmenter

B=1

B=128

B=1

B=128

Sequential (2xIdentity)

1184.9

5580.5

10238.2

18880.1

Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order)

1104.8

5543.8

9429.3

18711.0

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity)

720.2

5165.0

6854.4

18491.2

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order)

706.3

5160.3

6742.9

18378.7

OneOf (3xIdentity)

1025.9

5388.7

9095.4

18752.7

Sometimes (Identity)

831.1

5479.9

7836.0

18087.9

WithChannels ([1,2], Identity)

901.2

2622.7

6464.3

7555.7

Identity

1329.3

5606.5

10585.6

18165.5

Noop

1351.5

5611.4

10479.4

18100.9

Lambda (return input)

1297.5

5567.3

10284.4

18183.9

AssertLambda (return True)

1300.8

5567.1

10235.6

18390.9

AssertShape (None, H, W, None)

1271.6

5431.1

10001.8

18122.9

ChannelShuffle (0.5)

1351.2

5589.4

10447.6

18398.7

Add

1360.6

5590.4

10432.7

18313.5

AddElementwise

1361.6

5640.5

10443.3

18461.2

AdditiveGaussianNoise

1351.0

5616.6

10528.6

18322.0

AdditiveLaplaceNoise

1362.5

5568.4

10364.0

18428.9

AdditivePoissonNoise

1359.3

5620.1

10447.9

18302.7

Multiply

1349.5

5619.9

10354.5

18464.5

MultiplyElementwise

1351.1

5580.9

10203.0

18475.7

Cutout (1 iter, constant fill)

1349.3

5584.4

10434.1

18855.2

Dropout (1-5%)

1371.0

5635.7

10357.0

18710.0

CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%)

1344.5

5618.2

10530.4

18843.6

Dropout2d (10%)

859.7

5068.6

7527.2

18211.5

TotalDropout (10%)

965.1

5453.2

8083.1

17953.0

ReplaceElementwise

1359.0

5603.3

10451.3

18728.0

ImpulseNoise

1359.5

5602.0

10516.4

18677.8

SaltAndPepper

1352.8

5635.6

10447.3

18837.6

CoarseSaltAndPepper

1356.7

5614.1

10310.9

18774.5

Salt

1348.9

5576.4

10497.3

18706.0

CoarseSalt

1339.5

5584.0

10521.0

18413.7

Pepper

1365.9

5583.9

10475.6

18299.0

CoarsePepper

1352.6

6526.4

10546.9

18453.0

Invert (10%)

1364.9

6532.4

10436.1

18373.2

JpegCompression (50-99%)

1366.4

6563.1

10513.6

18392.1

Cartoon

1340.7

6543.2

10352.2

18300.8

BlendAlpha (Identity)

662.3

2880.4

5086.3

11840.4

BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity)

298.6

451.2

1251.4

1356.3

BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity)

100.7

122.9

800.4

890.9

BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity)

125.3

147.0

882.5

973.2

BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity)

259.0

534.5

1243.2

1467.4

BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity)

253.6

491.5

1219.2

1435.7

BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity)

242.7

479.7

1200.4

1430.1

BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity)

246.2

461.2

1212.2

1406.5

GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5))

1274.8

6491.3

10490.6

26259.7

AverageBlur

1266.5

6470.4

10485.1

26336.5

MedianBlur

1274.3

6516.3

10496.8

26060.9

BilateralBlur

1277.1

6503.2

10455.4

26262.4

MotionBlur

1261.7

6515.3

10305.2

26288.1

MeanShiftBlur

1285.3

6645.9

10363.5

26386.9

RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12))

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

WithColorspace (HSV, Identity)

1185.0

6766.3

10008.5

26301.1

WithBrightnessChannels (Identity)

1192.7

6776.9

10012.8

26110.1

MultiplyAndAddToBrightness

1072.6

6750.4

9290.9

26234.2

MultiplyBrightness

1176.3

6767.6

9863.5

26148.5

AddToBrightness

1117.8

6759.0

9902.6

26310.4

WithHueAndSaturation

1152.0

6768.5

10050.7

26305.8

MultiplyHueAndSaturation

1170.8

6808.5

9967.6

26312.0

MultiplyHue

868.0

3343.3

6367.6

9554.2

MultiplySaturation

861.3

3353.0

6426.9

9911.0

RemoveSaturation

875.9

3337.8

6363.9

10280.3

AddToHueAndSaturation

1304.3

6766.2

10446.2

18294.3

AddToHue

1339.0

6785.4

10526.2

18075.2

AddToSaturation

1336.5

6799.2

10456.1

18036.2

ChangeColorspace (HSV)

1278.9

6776.7

10554.9

17845.5

Grayscale

1298.5

6832.6

10475.2

17750.9

KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

1285.0

6794.2

10472.9

17924.0

UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

1286.6

6813.7

10553.4

17893.7

UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits)

1309.5

6819.9

10343.9

18027.2

Posterize (1-7 bits)

1357.7

6843.1

10515.6

17936.6

GammaContrast

1337.8

6800.4

10495.7

18009.0

SigmoidContrast

1337.0

6806.4

10466.6

17873.3

LogContrast

1344.0

6762.3

10463.7

17979.1

LinearContrast

1349.4

6793.7

10413.8

17880.6

AllChannelsHistogramEqualization

1365.5

6783.6

10488.7

17966.1

HistogramEqualization

1364.7

6801.1

10477.2

18043.7

AllChannelsCLAHE

1330.2

6800.5

10415.1

18008.3

CLAHE

1372.3

6833.8

10539.7

18011.7

Convolve (3x3)

1356.2

6806.5

10419.5

17923.5

Sharpen

1339.8

6799.7

10392.9

17963.2

Emboss

1354.7

6767.9

10413.8

17964.7

EdgeDetect

1368.3

6769.3

10518.3

18015.8

DirectedEdgeDetect

1358.6

6795.3

10466.6

17960.0

Canny

1344.4

6789.5

10480.2

17991.9

Fliplr (p=100%)

1064.6

6145.1

8835.8

17531.4

Flipud (p=100%)

1080.3

6538.2

8888.0

17864.5

Affine (order=0, constant)

255.7

654.9

1134.6

1380.3

Affine (order=1, constant)

264.3

654.2

1139.9

1380.2

Affine (order=3, constant)

262.5

654.2

1129.1

1379.6

Affine (order=1, edge)

260.1

654.5

1137.4

1382.3

Affine (order=1, constant, skimage)

161.4

267.1

372.0

396.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant)

19.3

20.6

51.5

51.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant)

19.5

20.4

51.0

51.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge)

19.4

20.4

51.3

52.1

PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant)

5.6

5.6

31.3

31.8

PerspectiveTransform

258.5

925.1

1411.7

2010.3

PerspectiveTransform (keep_size)

225.5

603.7

1094.5

1435.9

ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant)

69.4

97.6

1217.6

1466.5

ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant)

70.5

97.6

1204.3

1469.5

ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest)

70.0

96.1

1211.0

1471.5

ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect)

70.3

96.0

1215.7

1442.0

Rot90

748.1

5247.6

7075.9

24324.3

Rot90 (keep_size)

574.6

2012.9

3971.2

6407.7

WithPolarWarping (Identity)

622.5

1869.3

2621.8

2846.1

Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step)

117.7

171.8

1500.0

1745.7

AveragePooling

516.2

1850.0

4782.4

11003.4

AveragePooling (keep_size)

1243.4

6670.4

10415.7

18658.7

MaxPooling

528.5

1844.9

4879.3

11378.2

MaxPooling (keep_size)

1274.8

6704.8

10582.7

18947.4

MinPooling

521.7

1871.9

4895.7

11346.4

MinPooling (keep_size)

1273.7

6721.3

10444.5

18924.3

MedianPooling

523.9

1870.4

4888.3

11389.8

MedianPooling (keep_size)

1265.8

6728.4

10477.3

19011.2

imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5))

1279.1

6750.4

10470.0

19034.0

imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5))

1277.7

6764.5

10524.5

19094.6

imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5))

1252.8

6745.3

10458.3

18995.2

imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5))

1262.7

6708.5

10519.9

19177.5

imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5))

1271.5

6695.1

10375.6

19022.0

imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5))

1279.0

6740.8

10482.6

19049.7

imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5))

1264.1

6725.7

10457.5

19217.5

imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5))

1285.1

6735.1

10389.7

19075.6

imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5))

1281.2

6754.2

10308.4

19113.0

imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5))

1277.6

6663.9

10386.9

19102.4

imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5))

1280.2

6737.7

10449.3

19018.7

imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5))

1264.4

6732.5

10613.1

19058.9

imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5))

1248.5

6735.6

10394.4

19034.4

imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5))

1251.7

6737.4

10483.9

19127.2

imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5))

1266.7

6748.6

10519.9

19071.4

imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5))

1270.4

6771.8

10566.0

19137.2

imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5))

1256.7

6735.9

10589.2

19063.4

imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5))

1282.2

6739.7

10463.6

19135.8

imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5))

1255.9

6715.8

10436.7

19070.7

pillike.Solarize (p=1.0)

1274.0

6747.8

10415.5

19055.4

pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits)

1278.4

6738.6

10475.7

19121.8

pillike.Equalize

1274.1

6758.1

10450.9

18984.7

pillike.Autocontrast

1259.0

6723.7

10419.1

19153.8

pillike.EnhanceColor

1272.0

6719.8

10397.4

19100.6

pillike.EnhanceContrast

1257.2

6720.5

10479.4

19114.6

pillike.EnhanceBrightness

1267.2

6732.6

10512.5

19060.7

pillike.EnhanceSharpness

1241.9

6735.0

10433.6

19169.2

pillike.FilterBlur

1259.5

6661.7

10495.7

19037.5

pillike.FilterSmooth

1247.8

6718.1

10483.4

19175.0

pillike.FilterSmoothMore

1240.1

6690.4

10318.6

19040.7

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance

1265.3

6717.4

10390.9

19204.5

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore

1270.1

6728.4

10098.6

19124.4

pillike.FilterFindEdges

1266.7

6751.5

10353.5

19197.6

pillike.FilterContour

1249.3

6694.9

10333.1

19034.4

pillike.FilterEmboss

1267.5

6767.2

10476.8

19171.0

pillike.FilterSharpen

1271.6

6737.6

10398.5

19048.9

pillike.FilterDetail

1281.0

6780.6

10496.7

19178.6

pillike.Affine

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic)

1295.0

6561.1

10527.2

19141.9

Superpixels (max_size=64, linear)

1257.2

6569.5

10486.4

19180.4

Superpixels (max_size=128, linear)

1260.1

6512.3

10486.7

19117.8

Superpixels (max_size=224, linear)

1280.0

6589.3

10361.3

19276.4

UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear)

1289.5

6565.9

10375.7

19086.6

RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols)

1284.1

6565.6

10567.1

19060.5

RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols)

1282.7

6580.6

10424.6

19091.2

Resize (nearest)

485.9

1426.2

3312.5

5714.1

Resize (linear)

500.5

1344.2

3064.6

5086.9

Resize (cubic)

492.0

1267.1

2730.4

4282.9

CropAndPad

417.4

1488.9

2927.0

5460.7

CropAndPad (edge)

414.1

1486.4

2919.0

5424.1

CropAndPad (keep_size)

337.4

855.3

1956.8

2668.5

Crop

529.6

2379.2

5026.1

13314.0

Crop (keep_size)

406.8

1097.0

2568.4

4182.3

Pad

405.3

1367.0

2601.9

4112.4

Pad (edge)

402.4

1365.7

2615.3

4084.5

Pad (keep_size)

329.1

801.9

1703.2

2199.6

PadToFixedSize

441.9

1683.2

2947.0

5516.7

CropToFixedSize

630.4

2987.1

5543.8

14467.0

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest))

402.9

1293.7

2947.5

5232.6

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear))

398.9

1223.9

2707.1

4705.7

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic))

395.7

1160.9

2440.0

4000.6

FastSnowyLandscape

1266.6

6468.7

10481.2

27221.8

Clouds

719.1

5982.0

6979.2

26382.3

Fog

1284.1

6527.3

10390.2

27196.8

CloudLayer

1268.0

6527.0

10328.0

27134.4

Snowflakes

717.6

5974.3

6852.2

26335.0

SnowflakesLayer

1282.2

6503.1

10732.7

27190.9

Rain

723.3

5951.5

6901.8

26338.2

RainLayer

1189.0

6438.2

10457.1

26940.0

Number of heatmap instances per sec for 64x64x5 or 224x224x5 heatmaps on 224x224x3 images:

64x64x5 on 224x224x3

224x224x5 on 224x224x3

Augmenter

B=1

B=128

B=1

B=128

Sequential (2xIdentity)

9479.6

44643.9

6686.2

12329.9

Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order)

8838.1

44350.4

6157.9

12219.4

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity)

5761.4

41319.8

4476.3

12075.9

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order)

5650.8

41282.8

4403.5

12002.4

OneOf (3xIdentity)

8207.1

43109.2

5939.9

12246.6

Sometimes (Identity)

6648.8

43839.3

5117.4

11812.5

WithChannels ([1,2], Identity)

7209.9

20981.2

4221.6

4934.3

Identity

10634.7

44851.8

6913.0

11863.2

Noop

10812.0

44891.4

6843.7

11821.0

Lambda (return input)

10379.6

44538.3

6716.4

11875.2

AssertLambda (return True)

10406.7

44536.9

6684.5

12010.4

AssertShape (None, H, W, None)

10172.8

43448.8

6531.8

11835.3

ChannelShuffle (0.5)

10809.8

44715.3

6822.9

12015.4

Add

10884.9

44723.0

6813.2

11959.8

AddElementwise

10892.6

45124.3

6820.1

12056.3

AdditiveGaussianNoise

10807.8

44932.5

6875.8

11965.4

AdditiveLaplaceNoise

10899.7

44547.2

6768.3

12035.2

AdditivePoissonNoise

10874.6

44960.6

6823.1

11952.8

Multiply

10796.3

44959.0

6762.1

12058.5

MultiplyElementwise

10808.7

44647.6

6663.2

12065.8

Cutout (1 iter, constant fill)

10794.6

44675.1

6814.1

12313.6

Dropout (1-5%)

10967.9

45085.7

6763.8

12218.8

CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%)

10756.2

44945.9

6877.0

12306.0

Dropout2d (10%)

6877.6

40548.7

4915.7

11893.2

TotalDropout (10%)

7721.0

43625.5

5278.8

11724.4

ReplaceElementwise

10871.7

44826.6

6825.3

12230.5

ImpulseNoise

10875.7

44816.0

6867.9

12197.7

SaltAndPepper

10822.3

45085.0

6822.7

12302.1

CoarseSaltAndPepper

10853.6

44912.4

6733.7

12260.9

Salt

10791.0

44611.6

6855.3

12216.2

CoarseSalt

10716.2

44671.6

6870.8

12025.3

Pepper

10927.1

44671.0

6841.2

11950.4

CoarsePepper

10821.1

52210.9

6887.8

12050.9

Invert (10%)

10919.3

52259.6

6815.4

11998.8

JpegCompression (50-99%)

10931.5

52505.0

6866.0

12011.2

Cartoon

10725.2

52345.4

6760.6

11951.6

BlendAlpha (Identity)

5298.2

23043.2

3321.7

7732.5

BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity)

2388.4

3609.9

817.2

885.7

BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity)

805.7

983.0

522.7

581.8

BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity)

1002.4

1175.6

576.3

635.6

BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity)

2072.0

4275.7

811.9

958.3

BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity)

2029.2

3931.6

796.2

937.6

BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity)

1941.8

3837.9

784.0

933.9

BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity)

1969.7

3689.2

791.6

918.6

GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5))

10198.4

51930.5

6851.0

17149.2

AverageBlur

10132.1

51763.5

6847.4

17199.4

MedianBlur

10194.0

52130.6

6855.1

17019.4

BilateralBlur

10216.7

52025.7

6828.0

17151.0

MotionBlur

10093.6

52122.1

6730.0

17167.8

MeanShiftBlur

10282.4

53167.2

6768.0

17232.3

RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12))

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

WithColorspace (HSV, Identity)

9479.7

54130.4

6536.1

17176.2

WithBrightnessChannels (Identity)

9541.3

54215.5

6539.0

17051.5

MultiplyAndAddToBrightness

8581.1

54003.0

6067.5

17132.6

MultiplyBrightness

9410.6

54140.9

6441.5

17076.6

AddToBrightness

8942.4

54072.0

6467.0

17182.3

WithHueAndSaturation

9215.7

54148.2

6563.7

17179.3

MultiplyHueAndSaturation

9366.5

54467.8

6509.5

17183.4

MultiplyHue

6943.9

26746.8

4158.4

6239.5

MultiplySaturation

6890.2

26823.7

4197.1

6472.5

RemoveSaturation

7006.9

26702.7

4156.0

6713.7

AddToHueAndSaturation

10434.8

54129.4

6822.0

11947.3

AddToHue

10711.8

54283.0

6874.2

11804.2

AddToSaturation

10692.0

54393.9

6828.5

11778.8

ChangeColorspace (HSV)

10231.2

54213.2

6893.0

11654.2

Grayscale

10387.7

54661.1

6841.0

11592.4

KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

10280.3

54353.4

6839.4

11705.5

UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

10292.9

54509.9

6892.0

11685.7

UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits)

10476.1

54559.5

6755.2

11772.9

Posterize (1-7 bits)

10861.3

54744.7

6867.4

11713.7

GammaContrast

10702.7

54403.1

6854.3

11761.0

SigmoidContrast

10696.1

54451.1

6835.3

11672.4

LogContrast

10751.8

54098.5

6833.4

11741.5

LinearContrast

10795.1

54349.9

6800.9

11677.1

AllChannelsHistogramEqualization

10924.1

54268.6

6849.7

11733.0

HistogramEqualization

10917.2

54409.1

6842.2

11783.6

AllChannelsCLAHE

10641.3

54403.8

6801.7

11760.6

CLAHE

10978.3

54670.0

6883.1

11762.7

Convolve (3x3)

10849.8

54451.7

6804.5

11705.1

Sharpen

10718.5

54397.6

6787.2

11731.0

Emboss

10838.0

54143.0

6800.8

11732.0

EdgeDetect

10946.7

54154.6

6869.1

11765.4

DirectedEdgeDetect

10868.6

54362.6

6835.3

11729.0

Canny

10755.1

54316.1

6844.2

11749.8

Fliplr (p=100%)

8516.7

49161.0

5770.3

11449.1

Flipud (p=100%)

8642.8

52305.2

5804.4

11666.6

Affine (order=0, constant)

2045.6

5238.8

741.0

901.4

Affine (order=1, constant)

2114.6

5233.6

744.4

901.3

Affine (order=3, constant)

2100.4

5233.6

737.4

901.0

Affine (order=1, edge)

2080.8

5236.2

742.8

902.7

Affine (order=1, constant, skimage)

1291.6

2137.1

242.9

259.2

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant)

154.3

164.8

33.6

33.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant)

155.8

163.5

33.3

33.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge)

155.2

163.4

33.5

34.0

PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant)

44.8

44.9

20.4

20.7

PerspectiveTransform

2068.0

7401.0

921.9

1312.8

PerspectiveTransform (keep_size)

1804.2

4829.3

714.8

937.7

ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant)

555.2

780.9

795.2

957.7

ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant)

564.2

780.9

786.5

959.7

ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest)

559.9

769.1

790.9

961.0

ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect)

562.3

768.3

793.9

941.7

Rot90

5985.0

41980.6

4621.0

15885.2

Rot90 (keep_size)

4596.8

16103.2

2593.4

4184.6

WithPolarWarping (Identity)

4979.9

14954.7

1712.2

1858.7

Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step)

941.8

1374.1

979.6

1140.1

AveragePooling

4129.7

14799.8

3123.2

7185.9

AveragePooling (keep_size)

9947.3

53363.1

6802.1

12185.3

MaxPooling

4227.7

14759.2

3186.5

7430.7

MaxPooling (keep_size)

10198.2

53638.1

6911.1

12373.8

MinPooling

4173.4

14975.5

3197.2

7409.9

MinPooling (keep_size)

10189.7

53770.8

6820.9

12358.7

MedianPooling

4191.0

14963.4

3192.3

7438.3

MedianPooling (keep_size)

10126.2

53827.5

6842.3

12415.4

imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5))

10233.1

54003.5

6837.6

12430.4

imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5))

10221.4

54116.1

6873.2

12469.9

imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5))

10022.6

53962.0

6829.9

12405.0

imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5))

10101.6

53668.1

6870.1

12524.1

imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5))

10172.3

53560.8

6775.9

12422.5

imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5))

10231.6

53926.2

6845.8

12440.6

imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5))

10112.5

53805.7

6829.4

12550.2

imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5))

10280.8

53881.1

6785.1

12457.6

imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5))

10249.5

54033.7

6732.0

12481.9

imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5))

10220.8

53311.2

6783.3

12475.1

imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5))

10241.5

53901.9

6824.1

12420.4

imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5))

10115.0

53859.8

6931.0

12446.7

imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5))

9988.2

53884.5

6788.2

12430.6

imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5))

10013.3

53899.3

6846.6

12491.3

imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5))

10133.9

53989.0

6870.2

12454.8

imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5))

10163.1

54174.7

6900.2

12497.8

imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5))

10053.6

53886.8

6915.4

12449.6

imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5))

10257.9

53917.3

6833.4

12496.9

imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5))

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

pillike.Solarize (p=1.0)

10192.1

53982.3

6802.0

12444.3

pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits)

10227.5

53909.2

6841.3

12487.7

pillike.Equalize

10192.7

54064.7

6825.1

12398.2

pillike.Autocontrast

10071.7

53789.6

6804.3

12508.6

pillike.EnhanceColor

10176.0

53758.3

6790.1

12473.9

pillike.EnhanceContrast

10057.3

53764.1

6843.7

12483.0

pillike.EnhanceBrightness

10137.6

53860.6

6865.3

12447.8

pillike.EnhanceSharpness

9935.5

53879.9

6813.8

12518.6

pillike.FilterBlur

10075.9

53293.9

6854.4

12432.7

pillike.FilterSmooth

9982.0

53744.7

6846.3

12522.5

pillike.FilterSmoothMore

9920.8

53523.5

6738.7

12434.8

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance

10122.4

53739.0

6785.9

12541.7

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore

10161.0

53826.9

6595.0

12489.4

pillike.FilterFindEdges

10133.6

54011.7

6761.5

12537.2

pillike.FilterContour

9994.2

53559.4

6748.1

12430.6

pillike.FilterEmboss

10139.8

54137.7

6842.0

12519.8

pillike.FilterSharpen

10172.6

53900.8

6790.9

12440.1

pillike.FilterDetail

10248.3

54244.5

6855.0

12524.8

pillike.Affine

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic)

10359.8

52488.8

6874.9

12500.8

Superpixels (max_size=64, linear)

10057.4

52556.2

6848.3

12526.0

Superpixels (max_size=128, linear)

10080.4

52098.7

6848.5

12485.1

Superpixels (max_size=224, linear)

10239.8

52714.2

6766.6

12588.7

UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear)

10315.7

52527.3

6775.9

12464.7

RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols)

10273.0

52524.5

6901.0

12447.7

RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols)

10261.5

52644.6

6807.9

12467.7

Resize (nearest)

3887.2

11409.5

2163.3

3731.6

Resize (linear)

4004.2

10753.6

2001.4

3322.1

Resize (cubic)

3936.0

10136.8

1783.1

2797.0

CropAndPad

3339.4

11911.4

1911.5

3566.2

CropAndPad (edge)

3312.9

11891.2

1906.3

3542.2

CropAndPad (keep_size)

2699.4

6842.7

1277.9

1742.7

Crop

4236.7

19033.3

3282.4

8694.9

Crop (keep_size)

3254.2

8776.2

1677.3

2731.3

Pad

3242.5

10935.9

1699.2

2685.6

Pad (edge)

3219.3

10925.4

1708.0

2667.4

Pad (keep_size)

2633.0

6415.0

1112.3

1436.5

PadToFixedSize

3535.1

13465.6

1924.5

3602.7

CropToFixedSize

5043.4

23896.6

3620.4

9447.9

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest))

3223.5

10349.5

1924.9

3417.2

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear))

3191.6

9791.4

1767.9

3073.1

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic))

3165.5

9287.2

1593.5

2612.6

FastSnowyLandscape

10132.9

51749.5

6844.8

17777.5

Clouds

5753.1

47856.2

4557.8

17229.3

Fog

10272.6

52218.0

6785.4

17761.2

CloudLayer

10143.9

52216.4

6744.8

17720.4

Snowflakes

5740.8

47794.5

4474.9

17198.4

SnowflakesLayer

10257.8

52025.2

7009.1

17757.3

Rain

5786.5

47612.3

4507.3

17200.5

RainLayer

9512.3

51505.4

6829.1

17593.5

Keypoints and Bounding Boxes

Numbers below are for keypoints on small and large images. Each KeypointsOnImage instance contained 10 Keypoint instances. B=1 denotes a batch size of 1 , B=128 one of 128.

The numbers for bounding boxes can be derived by dividing each value by 4.

Number of augmented Keypoint instances per sec (divide by 10 for KeypointsOnImage instances):

10 KPs on 224x224x3

Augmenter

B=1

B=128

Sequential (2xIdentity)

37012.5

1082118.9

Sequential (2xIdentity, random_order)

29576.2

1018050.4

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity)

14592.0

524940.8

SomeOf (1-3, 3xIdentity, random_order)

14223.8

518189.2

OneOf (3xIdentity)

26817.8

734837.0

Sometimes (Identity)

18553.2

818134.7

WithChannels ([1,2], Identity)

33973.0

569703.3

Identity

42157.2

1072697.7

Noop

42000.7

1069077.8

Lambda (return input)

38945.8

1036321.0

AssertLambda (return True)

37957.5

1032700.9

AssertShape (None, H, W, None)

34536.2

805366.0

ChannelShuffle (0.5)

41079.3

1064524.5

Add

41118.5

1065848.9

AddElementwise

40655.1

1059295.9

AdditiveGaussianNoise

40977.6

1048931.1

AdditiveLaplaceNoise

40870.1

1064200.9

AdditivePoissonNoise

40427.3

1056247.5

Multiply

40921.6

1054364.0

MultiplyElementwise

40417.9

1065871.4

Cutout (1 iter, constant fill)

41902.8

1063992.8

Dropout (1-5%)

40515.3

1052003.2

CoarseDropout (1-5%, size=1-10%)

40723.5

1057345.9

Dropout2d (10%)

15761.6

460892.5

TotalDropout (10%)

19089.1

817259.6

ReplaceElementwise

40863.7

996760.1

ImpulseNoise

41210.6

983126.4

SaltAndPepper

42135.2

993933.0

CoarseSaltAndPepper

41175.5

1003854.8

Salt

41061.6

1001330.9

CoarseSalt

40894.0

988559.6

Pepper

41267.4

1006313.5

CoarsePepper

41782.6

1005808.2

Invert (10%)

41179.3

1013027.7

JpegCompression (50-99%)

41222.5

1002183.3

Cartoon

41742.7

1016170.7

BlendAlpha (Identity)

13638.3

231006.1

BlendAlphaElementwise (Identity)

7628.0

15529.5

BlendAlphaSimplexNoise (Identity)

1805.8

2281.7

BlendAlphaFrequencyNoise (Identity)

2417.1

2942.4

BlendAlphaSomeColors (Identity)

n/a

n/a

BlendAlphaHorizontalL.Grad. (Identity)

6762.3

24122.5

BlendAlphaVerticalL.Grad. (Identity)

6420.3

19841.8

BlendAlphaRegularGrid (Identity)

6007.6

18590.6

BlendAlphaCheckerboard (Identity)

6039.8

16668.2

GaussianBlur (sigma=(1,5))

40927.0

1086402.0

AverageBlur

41359.6

1067578.3

MedianBlur

41554.1

1071704.2

BilateralBlur

41461.5

1077808.8

MotionBlur

41110.4

1076676.1

MeanShiftBlur

41129.7

1062169.5

RandAugment (n=2, m=(6,12))

n/a

n/a

WithColorspace (HSV, Identity)

36815.8

1046132.3

WithBrightnessChannels (Identity)

36561.2

1039062.1

MultiplyAndAddToBrightness

28022.1

964196.3

MultiplyBrightness

35559.8

1017404.7

AddToBrightness

35527.7

1022234.8

WithHueAndSaturation

35777.0

1024870.5

MultiplyHueAndSaturation

35910.5

1021646.0

MultiplyHue

29659.9

592502.1

MultiplySaturation

28923.3

600158.0

RemoveSaturation

29378.7

598766.6

AddToHueAndSaturation

40986.2

1119725.2

AddToHue

41381.9

1103111.1

AddToSaturation

41058.4

1114935.0

ChangeColorspace (HSV)

40768.4

1117990.4

Grayscale

41099.1

1100846.1

KMeansColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

42215.3

1103010.2

UniformColorQuantization (2-16 colors)

41109.3

1112418.4

UniformColorQuant.NBits (1-7 bits)

41959.8

1096977.3

Posterize (1-7 bits)

41053.5

1095550.6

GammaContrast

41231.7

1080049.3

SigmoidContrast

40382.1

1100256.5

LogContrast

40291.1

1106150.6

LinearContrast

41104.0

1107891.5

AllChannelsHistogramEqualization

40714.5

1080249.2

HistogramEqualization

41734.9

1090530.2

AllChannelsCLAHE

41319.9

1100346.7

CLAHE

41405.8

1114551.1

Convolve (3x3)

41350.9

1102244.4

Sharpen

40292.7

1104893.9

Emboss

41969.9

1100852.1

EdgeDetect

40670.9

1103836.8

DirectedEdgeDetect

40743.0

1106445.4

Canny

40905.1

1091215.8

Fliplr (p=100%)

23140.1

706230.7

Flipud (p=100%)

23031.6

699545.0

Affine (order=0, constant)

6562.1

33646.8

Affine (order=1, constant)

6531.6

33854.2

Affine (order=3, constant)

6551.7

33967.8

Affine (order=1, edge)

6539.0

34790.0

Affine (order=1, constant, skimage)

6545.8

34800.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, constant)

124.5

128.0

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=0, constant)

124.9

125.9

PiecewiseAffine (4x4, order=1, edge)

124.5

126.0

PiecewiseAffine (8x8, order=1, constant)

56.8

57.1

PerspectiveTransform

7538.8

65378.6

PerspectiveTransform (keep_size)

6866.2

34643.2

ElasticTransformation (order=0, constant)

1443.7

1698.9

ElasticTransformation (order=1, constant)

1403.2

1699.2

ElasticTransformation (order=1, nearest)

1387.6

1703.0

ElasticTransformation (order=1, reflect)

1438.2

1724.1

Rot90

15168.5

332321.6

Rot90 (keep_size)

14909.9

326491.3

WithPolarWarping (Identity)

15354.0

103429.7

Jigsaw (rows/cols=(3,8), 1 step)

5414.4

11859.6

AveragePooling

10527.7

58352.0

AveragePooling (keep_size)

40770.0

1077687.6

MaxPooling

10744.3

57821.0

MaxPooling (keep_size)

40547.7

1083825.7

MinPooling

10595.1

57142.4

MinPooling (keep_size)

40991.0

1081313.9

MedianPooling

10725.2

57799.0

MedianPooling (keep_size)

40305.6

1084803.9

imgcorruptlike.GaussianNoise((1,5))

40730.9

1087593.4

imgcorruptlike.ShotNoise((1,5))

41105.6

1074974.5

imgcorruptlike.ImpulseNoise((1,5))

40888.7

1092987.1

imgcorruptlike.SpeckleNoise((1,5))

40711.9

1070581.5

imgcorruptlike.GaussianBlur((1,5))

40999.5

1082354.5

imgcorruptlike.GlassBlur((1,5))

41458.0

1080668.9

imgcorruptlike.DefocusBlur((1,5))

40992.6

1078547.8

imgcorruptlike.MotionBlur((1,5))

42025.0

1043556.9

imgcorruptlike.ZoomBlur((1,5))

40322.1

1090790.9

imgcorruptlike.Fog((1,5))

41586.4

1074558.5

imgcorruptlike.Frost((1,5))

40853.3

1090004.7

imgcorruptlike.Snow((1,5))

40003.9

1086178.6

imgcorruptlike.Spatter((1,5))

41532.1

1076336.5

imgcorruptlike.Contrast((1,5))

40690.3

1089199.7

imgcorruptlike.Brightness((1,5))

41673.2

1078498.0

imgcorruptlike.Saturate((1,5))

40142.6

1082613.8

imgcorruptlike.JpegCompression((1,5))

41298.2

1090813.8

imgcorruptlike.Pixelate((1,5))

40576.9

1078943.8

imgcorruptlike.ElasticTransform((1,5))

n/a

n/a

pillike.Solarize (p=1.0)

40884.9

1050872.0

pillike.Posterize (1-7 bits)

41180.4

1079403.7

pillike.Equalize

40595.3

1093551.1

pillike.Autocontrast

40986.2

1083557.4

pillike.EnhanceColor

41340.6

1095687.7

pillike.EnhanceContrast

41217.6

1082945.4

pillike.EnhanceBrightness

41036.4

1084161.3

pillike.EnhanceSharpness

41666.4

1102461.7

pillike.FilterBlur

40530.9

1093928.5

pillike.FilterSmooth

41571.7

1092077.1

pillike.FilterSmoothMore

40467.9

1099664.6

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhance

40796.9

1084941.3

pillike.FilterEdgeEnhanceMore

41247.9

1092474.1

pillike.FilterFindEdges

41696.2

1096042.6

pillike.FilterContour

40493.4

1092456.3

pillike.FilterEmboss

41637.7

1099112.3

pillike.FilterSharpen

41646.0

1098764.4

pillike.FilterDetail

40681.9

1104490.8

pillike.Affine

n/a

n/a

Superpixels (max_size=64, cubic)

42058.7

1086970.3

Superpixels (max_size=64, linear)

40705.6

1090370.0

Superpixels (max_size=128, linear)

41916.8

1093384.5

Superpixels (max_size=224, linear)

41026.1

1056588.1

UniformVoronoi (250-1000k points, linear)

41827.0

1070845.2

RegularGridVoronoi (16-31 rows/cols)

40995.0

1074150.0

RelativeRegularGridVoronoi (7%-14% rows/cols)

41378.2

1109759.1

Resize (nearest)

11282.7

53402.6

Resize (linear)

11297.8

53518.4

Resize (cubic)

11210.7

52994.5

CropAndPad

8939.7

79988.7

CropAndPad (edge)

8870.1

79660.3

CropAndPad (keep_size)

7565.8

33852.5

Crop

10042.0

80279.6

Crop (keep_size)

8376.0

34519.8

Pad

8946.2

79155.3

Pad (edge)

8950.1

79899.8

Pad (keep_size)

7589.9

34261.0

PadToFixedSize

10459.6

255851.2

CropToFixedSize

13165.0

269638.4

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(nearest))

8923.0

55861.6

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(linear))

8876.8

55959.4

KeepSizeByResize (CropToFixedSize(cubic))

8877.9

56122.5

FastSnowyLandscape

39966.1

1080643.5

Clouds

14326.3

548492.1

Fog

41600.9

1069986.2

CloudLayer

40820.5

1085618.5

Snowflakes

14110.5

536123.0

SnowflakesLayer

40336.6

1086376.4

Rain

13720.2

533951.5

RainLayer

40263.1

1086607.3