Source code for imgaug.augmenters.convolutional

"""
Augmenters that are based on applying convolution kernels to images.

List of augmenters:

    * :class:`Convolve`
    * :class:`Sharpen`
    * :class:`Emboss`
    * :class:`EdgeDetect`
    * :class:`DirectedEdgeDetect`

For MotionBlur, see ``blur.py``.

"""
from __future__ import print_function, division, absolute_import

import itertools

import numpy as np
import cv2
import six.moves as sm

import imgaug as ia
from . import meta
from .. import parameters as iap
from .. import dtypes as iadt


[docs] def convolve(image, kernel): """Apply a convolution kernel (or one per channel) to an image. See :func:`convolve_` for details. Added in 0.5.0. **Supported dtypes**: See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.convolve_`. Parameters ---------- image : ndarray ``(H,W)`` or ``(H,W,C)`` image array. kernel : ndarray or list of ndarray Either a single 2D kernel matrix (will be applied to all channels) or a list of 2D matrices (one per image channel). Returns ------- image Image of the same shape and dtype as the input array. """ return convolve_(np.copy(image), kernel)
[docs] def convolve_(image, kernel): """Apply a convolution kernel (or one per channel) in-place to an image. Use a list of matrices to apply one kernel per channel. Added in 0.5.0. **Supported dtypes**: * ``uint8``: yes; fully tested * ``uint16``: yes; tested * ``uint32``: no (1) * ``uint64``: no (2) * ``int8``: yes; tested (3) * ``int16``: yes; tested * ``int32``: no (2) * ``int64``: no (2) * ``float16``: yes; tested (4) * ``float32``: yes; tested * ``float64``: yes; tested * ``float128``: no (1) * ``bool``: yes; tested (4) - (1) rejected by ``cv2.filter2D()``. - (2) causes error: cv2.error: OpenCV(3.4.2) (...)/filter.cpp:4487: error: (-213:The function/feature is not implemented) Unsupported combination of source format (=1), and destination format (=1) in function 'getLinearFilter'. - (3) mapped internally to ``int16``. - (4) mapped internally to ``float32``. Parameters ---------- image : ndarray ``(H,W)`` or ``(H,W,C)`` image array. May be modified in-place. kernel : ndarray or list of ndarray Either a single 2D kernel matrix (will be applied to all channels) or a list of 2D matrices (one per image channel). Returns ------- image Image of the same shape and dtype as the input array. Might have been modified in-place. """ iadt.gate_dtypes_strs( {image.dtype}, allowed="bool uint8 uint16 int8 int16 float16 float32 float64", disallowed="uint32 uint64 int32 int64 float128" ) # currently we don't have to worry here about alignemnt with # non-image data and therefore can just place this before any # sampling if image.size == 0: return image input_shape = image.shape nb_channels = 1 if len(input_shape) == 2 else input_shape[2] input_dtype = image.dtype if image.dtype in {iadt._BOOL_DTYPE, iadt._FLOAT16_DTYPE}: image = image.astype(np.float32, copy=False) elif image.dtype == iadt._INT8_DTYPE: image = image.astype(np.int16, copy=False) if ia.is_np_array(kernel): assert kernel.ndim == 2, ( "Expected kernel to be either a list of (H,W) arrays or a " "single (H,W) array, got array of shape %s." % (kernel.shape,) ) matrices = [kernel] else: assert isinstance(kernel, list), ( "Expected kernel to be either a list of (H,W) arrays or a " "single (H,W) array, got type %s." % (type(kernel).__name__,) ) assert len(kernel) == nb_channels, ( "Kernel was given as a list. Expected that list to contain as " "many arrays as there are image channels. " "Got %d, but expected %d for image of shape %s." % ( len(kernel), nb_channels, image.shape ) ) matrices = kernel if not image.flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]: image = np.ascontiguousarray(image) # force channelwise application for >512 channels if nb_channels > 512 and len(matrices) == 1: matrices = [matrices[0]] * nb_channels if len(matrices) == 1: if matrices[0] is not None: if image.base is not None and image.base.shape[0] == 1: image = np.copy(image) image = cv2.filter2D(image, -1, matrices[0], dst=image) else: for channel in sm.xrange(nb_channels): if matrices[channel] is not None: arr_channel = np.copy(image[..., channel]) image[..., channel] = cv2.filter2D( arr_channel, -1, matrices[channel], dst=arr_channel ) if input_dtype.kind == "b": image = image > 0.5 elif input_dtype in {iadt._INT8_DTYPE, iadt._FLOAT16_DTYPE}: image = iadt.restore_dtypes_(image, input_dtype) if len(input_shape) == 3 and image.ndim == 2: image = image[:, :, np.newaxis] return image
# TODO allow 3d matrices as input (not only 2D) # TODO add _augment_keypoints and other _augment funcs, as these should do # something for e.g. [[0, 0, 1]]
[docs] class Convolve(meta.Augmenter): """ Apply a convolution to input images. **Supported dtypes**: See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.convolve_`. Parameters ---------- matrix : None or (H, W) ndarray or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter or callable, optional The weight matrix of the convolution kernel to apply. * If ``None``, the input images will not be changed. * If a 2D numpy array, that array will always be used for all images and channels as the kernel. * If a callable, that method will be called for each image via ``parameter(image, C, random_state)``. The function must either return a list of ``C`` matrices (i.e. one per channel) or a 2D numpy array (will be used for all channels) or a 3D ``HxWxC`` numpy array. If a list is returned, each entry may be ``None``, which will result in no changes to the respective channel. seed : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. name : None or str, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. random_state : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional Old name for parameter `seed`. Its usage will not yet cause a deprecation warning, but it is still recommended to use `seed` now. Outdated since 0.4.0. deterministic : bool, optional Deprecated since 0.4.0. See method ``to_deterministic()`` for an alternative and for details about what the "deterministic mode" actually does. Examples -------- >>> import imgaug.augmenters as iaa >>> matrix = np.array([[0, -1, 0], >>> [-1, 4, -1], >>> [0, -1, 0]]) >>> aug = iaa.Convolve(matrix=matrix) Convolves all input images with the kernel shown in the ``matrix`` variable. >>> def gen_matrix(image, nb_channels, random_state): >>> matrix_A = np.array([[0, -1, 0], >>> [-1, 4, -1], >>> [0, -1, 0]]) >>> matrix_B = np.array([[0, 1, 0], >>> [1, -4, 1], >>> [0, 1, 0]]) >>> if image.shape[0] % 2 == 0: >>> return [matrix_A] * nb_channels >>> else: >>> return [matrix_B] * nb_channels >>> aug = iaa.Convolve(matrix=gen_matrix) Convolves images that have an even height with matrix A and images having an odd height with matrix B. """ def __init__(self, matrix=None, seed=None, name=None, random_state="deprecated", deterministic="deprecated"): super(Convolve, self).__init__( seed=seed, name=name, random_state=random_state, deterministic=deterministic) if matrix is None: self.matrix = None self.matrix_type = "None" elif ia.is_np_array(matrix): assert matrix.ndim == 2, ( "Expected convolution matrix to have exactly two dimensions, " "got %d (shape %s)." % (matrix.ndim, matrix.shape)) self.matrix = matrix self.matrix_type = "constant" elif ia.is_callable(matrix): self.matrix = matrix self.matrix_type = "function" else: raise Exception( "Expected float, int, tuple/list with 2 entries or " "StochasticParameter. Got %s." % ( type(matrix),)) # Added in 0.4.0. def _augment_batch_(self, batch, random_state, parents, hooks): if batch.images is None: return batch images = batch.images rss = random_state.duplicate(len(images)) for i, image in enumerate(images): _height, _width, nb_channels = image.shape if self.matrix_type == "None": matrix = None elif self.matrix_type == "constant": matrix = self.matrix else: assert self.matrix_type == "function" # TODO check if sampled matrices are identical over channels # and if so merge. (does that really help wrt speed?) matrix = self.matrix(images[i], nb_channels, rss[i]) if matrix is not None: batch.images[i] = convolve_(image, matrix) return batch
[docs] def get_parameters(self): """See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.get_parameters`.""" return [self.matrix, self.matrix_type]
[docs] class Sharpen(Convolve): """ Sharpen images and alpha-blend the result with the original input images. **Supported dtypes**: See :class:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.Convolve`. Parameters ---------- alpha : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Blending factor of the sharpened image. At ``0.0``, only the original image is visible, at ``1.0`` only its sharpened version is visible. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from that parameter per image. lightness : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Lightness/brightness of the sharped image. Sane values are somewhere in the interval ``[0.5, 2.0]``. The value ``0.0`` results in an edge map. Values higher than ``1.0`` create bright images. Default value is ``1.0``. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from that parameter per image. seed : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. name : None or str, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. random_state : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional Old name for parameter `seed`. Its usage will not yet cause a deprecation warning, but it is still recommended to use `seed` now. Outdated since 0.4.0. deterministic : bool, optional Deprecated since 0.4.0. See method ``to_deterministic()`` for an alternative and for details about what the "deterministic mode" actually does. Examples -------- >>> import imgaug.augmenters as iaa >>> aug = iaa.Sharpen(alpha=(0.0, 1.0)) Sharpens input images and blends the sharpened image with the input image using a random blending factor between ``0%`` and ``100%`` (uniformly sampled). >>> aug = iaa.Sharpen(alpha=(0.0, 1.0), lightness=(0.75, 2.0)) Sharpens input images with a variable `lightness` sampled uniformly from the interval ``[0.75, 2.0]`` and with a fully random blending factor (as in the above example). """ def __init__(self, alpha=(0.0, 0.2), lightness=(0.8, 1.2), seed=None, name=None, random_state="deprecated", deterministic="deprecated"): alpha_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( alpha, "alpha", value_range=(0, 1.0), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) lightness_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( lightness, "lightness", value_range=(0, None), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) matrix_gen = _SharpeningMatrixGenerator(alpha_param, lightness_param) super(Sharpen, self).__init__( matrix=matrix_gen, seed=seed, name=name, random_state=random_state, deterministic=deterministic)
class _SharpeningMatrixGenerator(object): def __init__(self, alpha, lightness): self.alpha = alpha self.lightness = lightness def __call__(self, _image, nb_channels, random_state): alpha_sample = self.alpha.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) assert 0 <= alpha_sample <= 1.0, ( "Expected 'alpha' to be in the interval [0.0, 1.0], " "got %.4f." % (alpha_sample,)) lightness_sample = self.lightness.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) matrix_nochange = np.array([ [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix_effect = np.array([ [-1, -1, -1], [-1, 8+lightness_sample, -1], [-1, -1, -1] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix = ( (1-alpha_sample) * matrix_nochange + alpha_sample * matrix_effect ) return matrix
[docs] class Emboss(Convolve): """ Emboss images and alpha-blend the result with the original input images. The embossed version pronounces highlights and shadows, letting the image look as if it was recreated on a metal plate ("embossed"). **Supported dtypes**: See :class:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.Convolve`. Parameters ---------- alpha : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Blending factor of the embossed image. At ``0.0``, only the original image is visible, at ``1.0`` only its embossed version is visible. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from that parameter per image. strength : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Parameter that controls the strength of the embossing. Sane values are somewhere in the interval ``[0.0, 2.0]`` with ``1.0`` being the standard embossing effect. Default value is ``1.0``. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, then a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from the parameter per image. seed : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. name : None or str, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. random_state : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional Old name for parameter `seed`. Its usage will not yet cause a deprecation warning, but it is still recommended to use `seed` now. Outdated since 0.4.0. deterministic : bool, optional Deprecated since 0.4.0. See method ``to_deterministic()`` for an alternative and for details about what the "deterministic mode" actually does. Examples -------- >>> import imgaug.augmenters as iaa >>> aug = iaa.Emboss(alpha=(0.0, 1.0), strength=(0.5, 1.5)) Emboss an image with a strength sampled uniformly from the interval ``[0.5, 1.5]`` and alpha-blend the result with the original input image using a random blending factor between ``0%`` and ``100%``. """ def __init__(self, alpha=(0.0, 1.0), strength=(0.25, 1.0), seed=None, name=None, random_state="deprecated", deterministic="deprecated"): alpha_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( alpha, "alpha", value_range=(0, 1.0), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) strength_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( strength, "strength", value_range=(0, None), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) matrix_gen = _EmbossMatrixGenerator(alpha_param, strength_param) super(Emboss, self).__init__( matrix=matrix_gen, seed=seed, name=name, random_state=random_state, deterministic=deterministic)
class _EmbossMatrixGenerator(object): def __init__(self, alpha, strength): self.alpha = alpha self.strength = strength def __call__(self, _image, nb_channels, random_state): alpha_sample = self.alpha.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) assert 0 <= alpha_sample <= 1.0, ( "Expected 'alpha' to be in the interval [0.0, 1.0], " "got %.4f." % (alpha_sample,)) strength_sample = self.strength.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) matrix_nochange = np.array([ [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix_effect = np.array([ [-1-strength_sample, 0-strength_sample, 0], [0-strength_sample, 1, 0+strength_sample], [0, 0+strength_sample, 1+strength_sample] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix = ( (1-alpha_sample) * matrix_nochange + alpha_sample * matrix_effect ) return matrix # TODO add tests # TODO move this to edges.py?
[docs] class EdgeDetect(Convolve): """ Generate a black & white edge image and alpha-blend it with the input image. **Supported dtypes**: See :class:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.Convolve`. Parameters ---------- alpha : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Blending factor of the edge image. At ``0.0``, only the original image is visible, at ``1.0`` only the edge image is visible. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from that parameter per image. seed : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. name : None or str, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. random_state : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional Old name for parameter `seed`. Its usage will not yet cause a deprecation warning, but it is still recommended to use `seed` now. Outdated since 0.4.0. deterministic : bool, optional Deprecated since 0.4.0. See method ``to_deterministic()`` for an alternative and for details about what the "deterministic mode" actually does. Examples -------- >>> import imgaug.augmenters as iaa >>> aug = iaa.EdgeDetect(alpha=(0.0, 1.0)) Detect edges in an image, mark them as black (non-edge) and white (edges) and alpha-blend the result with the original input image using a random blending factor between ``0%`` and ``100%``. """ def __init__(self, alpha=(0.0, 0.75), seed=None, name=None, random_state="deprecated", deterministic="deprecated"): alpha_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( alpha, "alpha", value_range=(0, 1.0), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) matrix_gen = _EdgeDetectMatrixGenerator(alpha_param) super(EdgeDetect, self).__init__( matrix=matrix_gen, seed=seed, name=name, random_state=random_state, deterministic=deterministic)
class _EdgeDetectMatrixGenerator(object): def __init__(self, alpha): self.alpha = alpha def __call__(self, _image, nb_channels, random_state): alpha_sample = self.alpha.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) assert 0 <= alpha_sample <= 1.0, ( "Expected 'alpha' to be in the interval [0.0, 1.0], " "got %.4f." % (alpha_sample,)) matrix_nochange = np.array([ [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix_effect = np.array([ [0, 1, 0], [1, -4, 1], [0, 1, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix = ( (1-alpha_sample) * matrix_nochange + alpha_sample * matrix_effect ) return matrix # TODO add tests # TODO merge EdgeDetect and DirectedEdgeDetect? # TODO deprecate and rename to AngledEdgeDetect # TODO rename arg "direction" to "angle" # TODO change direction/angle value range to (0, 360) # TODO move this to edges.py?
[docs] class DirectedEdgeDetect(Convolve): """ Detect edges from specified angles and alpha-blend with the input image. This augmenter first detects edges along a certain angle. Usually, edges are detected in x- or y-direction, while here the edge detection kernel is rotated to match a specified angle. The result of applying the kernel is a black (non-edges) and white (edges) image. That image is alpha-blended with the input image. **Supported dtypes**: See :class:`~imgaug.augmenters.convolutional.Convolve`. Parameters ---------- alpha : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Blending factor of the edge image. At ``0.0``, only the original image is visible, at ``1.0`` only the edge image is visible. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` per image. * If a list, a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from that parameter per image. direction : number or tuple of number or list of number or imgaug.parameters.StochasticParameter, optional Angle (in degrees) of edges to pronounce, where ``0`` represents ``0`` degrees and ``1.0`` represents 360 degrees (both clockwise, starting at the top). Default value is ``(0.0, 1.0)``, i.e. pick a random angle per image. * If a number, exactly that value will always be used. * If a tuple ``(a, b)``, a random value will be sampled from the interval ``[a, b]`` will be sampled per image. * If a list, then a random value will be sampled from that list per image. * If a ``StochasticParameter``, a value will be sampled from the parameter per image. seed : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. name : None or str, optional See :func:`~imgaug.augmenters.meta.Augmenter.__init__`. random_state : None or int or imgaug.random.RNG or numpy.random.Generator or numpy.random.BitGenerator or numpy.random.SeedSequence or numpy.random.RandomState, optional Old name for parameter `seed`. Its usage will not yet cause a deprecation warning, but it is still recommended to use `seed` now. Outdated since 0.4.0. deterministic : bool, optional Deprecated since 0.4.0. See method ``to_deterministic()`` for an alternative and for details about what the "deterministic mode" actually does. Examples -------- >>> import imgaug.augmenters as iaa >>> aug = iaa.DirectedEdgeDetect(alpha=1.0, direction=0) Turn input images into edge images in which edges are detected from the top side of the image (i.e. the top sides of horizontal edges are part of the edge image, while vertical edges are ignored). >>> aug = iaa.DirectedEdgeDetect(alpha=1.0, direction=90/360) Same as before, but edges are detected from the right. Horizontal edges are now ignored. >>> aug = iaa.DirectedEdgeDetect(alpha=1.0, direction=(0.0, 1.0)) Same as before, but edges are detected from a random angle sampled uniformly from the interval ``[0deg, 360deg]``. >>> aug = iaa.DirectedEdgeDetect(alpha=(0.0, 0.3), direction=0) Similar to the previous examples, but here the edge image is alpha-blended with the input image. The result is a mixture between the edge image and the input image. The blending factor is randomly sampled between ``0%`` and ``30%``. """ def __init__(self, alpha=(0.0, 0.75), direction=(0.0, 1.0), seed=None, name=None, random_state="deprecated", deterministic="deprecated"): alpha_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( alpha, "alpha", value_range=(0, 1.0), tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) direction_param = iap.handle_continuous_param( direction, "direction", value_range=None, tuple_to_uniform=True, list_to_choice=True) matrix_gen = _DirectedEdgeDetectMatrixGenerator(alpha_param, direction_param) super(DirectedEdgeDetect, self).__init__( matrix=matrix_gen, seed=seed, name=name, random_state=random_state, deterministic=deterministic)
class _DirectedEdgeDetectMatrixGenerator(object): def __init__(self, alpha, direction): self.alpha = alpha self.direction = direction def __call__(self, _image, nb_channels, random_state): alpha_sample = self.alpha.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) assert 0 <= alpha_sample <= 1.0, ( "Expected 'alpha' to be in the interval [0.0, 1.0], " "got %.4f." % (alpha_sample,)) direction_sample = self.direction.draw_sample(random_state=random_state) deg = int(direction_sample * 360) % 360 rad = np.deg2rad(deg) x = np.cos(rad - 0.5*np.pi) y = np.sin(rad - 0.5*np.pi) direction_vector = np.array([x, y]) matrix_effect = np.array([ [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) for x, y in itertools.product([-1, 0, 1], [-1, 0, 1]): if (x, y) != (0, 0): cell_vector = np.array([x, y]) distance_deg = np.rad2deg( ia.angle_between_vectors(cell_vector, direction_vector)) distance = distance_deg / 180 similarity = (1 - distance)**4 matrix_effect[y+1, x+1] = similarity matrix_effect = matrix_effect / np.sum(matrix_effect) matrix_effect = matrix_effect * (-1) matrix_effect[1, 1] = 1 matrix_nochange = np.array([ [0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0] ], dtype=np.float32) matrix = ( (1-alpha_sample) * matrix_nochange + alpha_sample * matrix_effect ) return matrix